In the modern era, wearable technology like smartwatches, fitness rings, and smart scales have become essential tools for those keen on monitoring their health. These devices offer the ability to track heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital signs, making them popular among health enthusiasts. However, despite their advantages, these gadgets may pose significant risks for individuals with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), including pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices.
Researchers have conducted studies on CRT devices from leading manufacturers to assess their performance when exposed to electrical currents used in bioimpedance sensing. This technology involves sending a small, imperceptible electrical current, measured in microamps, through the body. The sensor then measures the body's response to determine various health metrics, such as body composition, stress levels, and vital signs like breathing rate.
Lead investigator Benjamin Sanchez Terrones, PhD, highlighted that bioimpedance sensing can generate electrical interference that surpasses the guidelines set by the Food and Drug Administration, potentially disrupting the proper functioning of CIEDs. Although the findings, derived from simulations and benchtop testing, do not indicate an immediate threat to users of these trackers, the varying levels of emitted currents could lead to pacing interruptions or unnecessary cardiac shocks. Dr. Sanchez emphasized the need for future clinical studies to explore the effects of wearables on patients with CIEDs.
The potential interference between CIEDs and general electrical devices, including smartphones, has been a topic of scientific inquiry for several years. Most implantable cardiac devices already caution users about possible interference from electronics due to magnetic fields, such as carrying a mobile phone near a pacemaker. The rapid growth of wearable health technology has blurred the lines between medical and consumer devices, and until now, safety evaluations have not kept pace with these innovations.
Dr. Sanchez noted that their research is pioneering in examining devices that use bioimpedance-sensing technology and identifying potential interference issues with CIEDs like CRT devices. He stressed the importance of testing a wider range of devices and involving patients with these implants. Collaborative efforts between researchers and the industry are crucial to ensuring patient safety as wearable technology continues to evolve.